Apostles

The Disciples who became the	Created Date: 2-Mar-2018
Apostles of Jesus Christ	Last updated: 29-Jun-2022
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Sections:

1 Summary 2 The Disciples

3 Replacement for Judas Iscariot 4 Unique Authority and Power

5 Jesus Christ the Apostle 6 Did Peter Temporarily Lose Discipleship?

7 The Apostles

7.1 Simon Peter (Caephas) 7.2 Andrew

7.3 James, son of Zebedee 7.4 John

7.5 Philip 7.6 Bartholomew

7.7 Thomas 7.8 Matthew

7.9 James, son of Alphaeus 7.10 Thaddaeus

7.11 Simon the Zealot 7.12 Matthias

7.13 Paul 7.14 James the Epistle Writer (Not an Apostle)

7.15 Steven (or Stephen) the Disciple

8 Apostles Will Judge 9 Twelve Gates in the New Jerusalem

Summary

The word apostle simply means the sent one, where this applies to all of us who are Christians. In the scriptures before the crucifixion, there were twelve Disciples of Jesus Christ who were chosen by Jesus Christ. Disciple means someone who is learning and following someone.

After the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, there were eleven Disciples remaining of the original twelve. In some translations the word apostle is used of the Disciples before the crucifixion and Pentecost.

Mark 3:14-19

¹⁴He appointed twelve that they might be with him and that he might send them out to preach ¹⁵and to have authority to drive out demons. ¹⁶These are the twelve he appointed: Simon (to whom he gave the name Peter), ¹⁷James son of Zebedee and his brother John (to them he gave the name Boanerges, which means sons of thunder ), ¹⁸Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot ¹⁹and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him.

Note: Some manuscripts have "designating them Apostles" in verse 14, which simply meant someone sent.

There were two more Apostles added, named Matthias and Paul after Pentecost. The generally accepted interpretation of the word Apostle was a Title and Position of Office which required all of the following four specific qualifications.

Requirements for being an Apostle:

		Concerning Matthias and Paul
1	Must have seen/spoken with Jesus Christ after the resurrection, and	Matthias: Acts 1:21; Paul Acts 9:5-6, Acts 26:15-18
2	Selected by Jesus Christ personally to be an Apostle, and	Matthias: Acts 1:24-26; Paul: Acts 26:15-18, Corinthians 1:1
3	Sent by Jesus Christ to go forth as an Apostle, and	Matthias: Acts 1:24-26; Paul: Acts 26:15-18, Corinthians 1:1
4	Recognized in the scriptures and by the other Apostles as an Apostle.	Matthias: Acts 1:26; Paul: Galatians 1:1, Romans 1:1, 1 Corinthians 1:1; 2 Peter 3:15-16; Recognized by James, Peter and John in Galatians 2:9

Acts 1:21	Wherefore of these men which have companied with us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, (This was during the process of selecting a replacement for Judas, where the candidates were qualified because of verse 21.)
Acts 1:24-26	24 And they prayed, and said, Thou, Lord, which knowest the hearts of all men, shew whether of these two thou hast chosen, 25 That he may take part of this ministry and apostleship, from which Judas by transgression fell, that he might go to his own place. 26 And they gave forth their lots; and the lot fell upon Matthias; and he was numbered with the eleven apostles.
Galatians 1:1	Paul, an apostle (not sent from men nor through the agency of man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised Him from the dead),
2 Peter 3:15-16	¹⁵Bear in mind that our Lord s patience means salvation, just as our dear brother Paul also wrote you with the wisdom that God gave him. ¹⁶He writes the same way in all his letters, speaking in them of these matters. His letters contain some things that are hard to understand, which ignorant and unstable people distort, as they do the other Scriptures, to their own destruction.
Galatians 2:7-9 (Paul speaking)	7 On the contrary, they recognized that I had been entrusted with the task of preaching the gospel to the uncircumcised, just as Peter had been to the circumcised. ⁸For God, who was at work in Peter as an apostle to the circumcised, was also at work in me as an apostle to the Gentiles. 9 James, Peter and John, those esteemed as pillars, gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship when they recognized the grace given to me. They agreed that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcised.

There are many Biblical Scholars and this author who state that Judas Iscariot was a Disciple that never became an Apostle based on the requirements above and the following summary statement:

An Apostle, can be defined as one who held the Title and Office by personal appointment by Jesus Christ, who was sent out to teach the good news of Jesus Christ's death and resurrection that was payment for the sins of the world that gave Salvation, where miracles would authenticate the Apostle's message.

Judas Iscariot was predicted in the Old Testament scriptures to be the man to betray Jesus Christ, where Jesus Christ knew this from the beginning of Judas Iscariot's appointment to be part of the twelve Disciples.

Matthias, discussed below, became a replacement for Judas Iscariot after Jesus Christ's resurrection, where Matthias became an Apostle. Paul, formerly known as Saul, became an Apostle to the Gentiles (Galatians 2:7) who also spoke to Israel.

The Disciples

During the early Ministry of Jesus Christ, there were twelve Disciples that traveled with Jesus Christ. As also stated above, after the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ and Pentecost, there was eleven as one of the twelve was no longer with the original twelve, named Judas Iscariot.

Note that there were men and women who became Disciples after the Crucifixion Jesus Christ, which meant they were followers of Jesus Christ's teaching and Believers in Jesus Christ under Salvation. We all can be described as Disciples. A very notable Disciple in the Book of Acts is Steven, who is sometimes confused by Christians to be an Apostle. Steven had a very important and remarkable message for the world.

After Pentecost, the Disciples became known as Apostles. Technically, Judas Iscariot can be said to have never been an Apostles but only a Disciple.

	Disciples	Scriptural reference	Related to?	Inner Circle *	Quick notes
1	Simon Peter (Caephas)	Matthew 10:2-4	#2 Andrew	Yes	(1) Also known as Cephas (2) was married.
2	Andrew	Matthew 10:2-4	#1 Peter
3	James, son of Zebedee	Matthew 10:2-4	#4 John	Yes	(1) Jesus Christ's cousin (2) Aramaic name Jacob
4	John	Matthew 10:2-4	#3 James	Yes	(1) Cousin to Jesus Christ (2) Disciple He Loved.
5	Philip	Matthew 10:2-4
6	Bartholomew / Nathanael	Matthew 10:2-4
7	Thomas	Matthew 10:2-4
8	Matthew / Levi	Matthew 10:2-4
9	James, son of Alphaeus	Matthew 10:2-4			Aramaic name of Jacob.
10	Thaddaeus / Jude	Matthew 10:2-4			Also known by Aramaic name of Judas or Jude
11	Simon the Zealot	Matthew 10:2-4
12	Judas Iscariot	Matthew 10:2-4			Betrayed Jesus Christ, possessed by Lucifer

* Inner Circle: The Apostles that were only included in special occasions. The other Apostles, may have had special occasions that they were only included, but not recorded in the Gospels. Correctly: Some Biblical Scholars note that all the Apostles, as well as Believers, are loved by Jesus Christ, but these Apostles were given special invitations that were most likely the result of their level of commitment.

There are many Biblical Scholars who point out that there was an "inner circle" of the twelve Disciples who were often chosen by Jesus Christ to receive special privileges and instructions. Four examples:

Mount of Transfiguration event of Matthew 17 where Jesus Christ speaks with Moses and Elijah, the Disciples Peter, James and John were there where the other Disciples were not.
Resurrection of the daughter of Jarius in Mark 5:32-42 and Luke 8:41.
The agony at Gethsemane in Matthew 26:36 and mark 14:32 (listed in James son of Zebedee section)
Jesus Christ, when on the cross instructs John "the Disciple whom He loved" present, and Mary his earthly mother, that from that point forward that John was to take care of Mary as his mother. Note that Mary did have other children, and Biblical Scholars believe Jesus Christ was giving an honor to John in the request made.

Matthew 17:1-3	1 After six days Jesus took with him Peter, James and John the brother of James, and led them up a high mountain by themselves. ²There he was transfigured before them. His face shone like the sun, and his clothes became as white as the light. ³Just then there appeared before them Moses and Elijah, talking with Jesus.
Mark 5:35-42	35 While he yet spake, they come from the ruler of the synagogue s house, saying, Thy daughter is dead: why troublest thou the Teacher any further? 36 But Jesus, not heeding the word spoken, saith unto the ruler of the synagogue, Fear not, only believe. 37 And he suffered no man to follow with him, save Peter, and James, and John the brother of James. 38 And they come to the house of the ruler of the synagogue; and he beholdeth a tumult, and many weeping and wailing greatly. 39 And when he was entered in, he saith unto them, Why make ye a tumult, and weep? the child is not dead, but sleepeth. 40 And they laughed him to scorn. But he, having put them all forth, taketh the father of the child and her mother and them that were with him, and goeth in where the child was. 41 And taking the child by the hand, he saith unto her, Talitha cumi; which is, being interpreted, Damsel, I say unto thee, Arise. 42 And straightway the damsel rose up, and walked; for she was twelve years old. And they were amazed straightway with a great amazement.
John 19:25-27	²⁵Near the cross of Jesus stood his mother, his mother s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. ²⁶When Jesus saw his mother there, and the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to her, Woman, here is your son, ²⁷and to the disciple, Here is your mother. From that time on, this disciple took her into his home.

Replacement for Judas Iscariot

After the resurrection of Jesus Christ, the Disciples, who were now Apostles had a meeting to decide who would be the replacement for Judas Iscariot. In Acts 1:21-26, the replacement was decided were Matthias became the twelfth Apostle.

Acts 1:21-26

21 Wherefore of these men which have companied with us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, 22 Beginning from the baptism of John, unto that same day that he was taken up from us, must one be ordained to be a witness with us of his resurrection. 23 And they appointed two, Joseph called Barsabas, who was surnamed Justus, and Matthias. 24 And they prayed, and said, Thou, Lord, which knowest the hearts of all men, shew whether of these two thou hast chosen, 25 That he may take part of this ministry and apostleship, from which Judas by transgression fell, that he might go to his own place. 26 And they gave forth their lots; and the lot fell upon Matthias; and he was numbered with the eleven apostles.

Unique Authority and Power

The Apostles were men who had unique and special gifts from God to perform miracles as a confirmation of them being sent by Jesus Christ. The performing of miracles was also a confirmation of the Old Testaments Prophets.

In the time period of the Old Testament scriptures there were Prophets and Priests.

A Prophet was God's representative to the people.
A Priest was the people's representative to God.

We are now in the period of time often called classically as the Church Age where the scriptures inform us that we are both Prophets and Priests because the Holy Spirit was given to permanently indwell in us. Our ability to act as a Prophet and Priest is contingent upon listening to guidance of the Holy Spirit which leads to greater Faith in God and confirming behavior as a Christian.

Joel 2:28	And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh; your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, and your young men shall see visions.
John 15:26-27	²⁶ When the Helper comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, namely, the Spirit of truth who comes from the Father, He will testify about Me, ²⁷and you are testifying as well, because you have been with Me from the beginning.
1 Corinthians 14:31	For you can all prophesy one by one, so that all may learn and all be encouraged,
1 Peter 2:9	But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for his own possession, that you may proclaim the excellencies of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light.

The Apostles had unique authority and power which they obtained directly from Jesus Christ. They were appointed and were not self-elected, which means they clearly were known as being sent by God because of the four points identified above as "Requirements for being an Apostle".

The Apostles will also be honored in eternity with their roles in several areas that some Biblical Scholars believe will include some responsibility possibly at the Gates into the New Jerusalem where they will be a type of alderman at the Gate who represents the Glory of God. More on this later in the topic. For this reason and several others, Biblical Scholars state that after the original thirteen Apostles died, this particular type of Title and Office, being called an Apostle in our time, does not exist. This does not mean there are great men and women who God is using to do amazing tasks and exercising the Gifts of the Holy Spirit in ways to honor God's Glory because of the Gift of Salvation given to us.

Some of the powers of the Apostles:

The ability to speak in multiple languages that were not learned before Pentecost.
Healing people of all kinds of illnesses,
Exorcisms of demonic possessions.
Raising people from the dead.
Most importantly speak about Salvation through Jesus Christ with linguistic eloquence.

Here are three scriptural references of many:

Category	Scripture
Signs	Acts 4:33	And with great power the apostles were giving testimony to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, and abundant grace was upon them all.
Raises some from the dead (Paul)	Acts 20:7-12	7 On the first day of the week we came together to break bread. Paul spoke to the people and, because he intended to leave the next day, kept on talking until midnight. 8 There were many lamps in the upstairs room where we were meeting. 9 Seated in a window was a young man named Eutychus, who was sinking into a deep sleep as Paul talked on and on. When he was sound asleep, he fell to the ground from the third story and was picked up dead. 10 Paul went down, threw himself on the young man and put his arms around him. Don t be alarmed, he said. He s alive! 11 Then he went upstairs again and broke bread and ate. After talking until daylight, he left. 12 The people took the young man home alive and were greatly comforted.
Raises some from the dead (Peter)	Acts 9:36-42	36 In Joppa there was a disciple named Tabitha (in Greek her name is Dorcas); she was always doing good and helping the poor. 37 About that time she became sick and died, and her body was washed and placed in an upstairs room. 38 Lydda was near Joppa; so when the disciples heard that Peter was in Lydda, they sent two men to him and urged him, Please come at once! 39 Peter went with them, and when he arrived he was taken upstairs to the room. All the widows stood around him, crying and showing him the robes and other clothing that Dorcas had made while she was still with them. 40 Peter sent them all out of the room; then he got down on his knees and prayed. Turning toward the dead woman, he said, Tabitha, get up. She opened her eyes, and seeing Peter she sat up. 41 He took her by the hand and helped her to her feet. Then he called for the believers, especially the widows, and presented her to them alive. 42 This became known all over Joppa, and many people believed in the Lord.

Jesus Christ the Apostle

Many Christians have possibly not noticed Hebrews 3:1-2 where we learn the Jesus Christ had an additional title of Apostle because He was directly sent by God the Father. Jesus was also a Prophet, High Priest, King and God.

Title	Scripture
Apostle	Hebrews 3:1-2	1 Therefore, holy brethren, partakers of a heavenly calling, consider Jesus, the Apostle and High Priest of our confession; 2 He was faithful to Him who appointed Him, as Moses also was in all His house.
Prophet	Luke 13:33	Nevertheless, I must go on my way today and tomorrow and the day following, for it cannot be that a prophet should perish away from Jerusalem.
Prophet	Matthew 13:57	And they took offense at him. But Jesus said to them, A prophet is not without honor except in his hometown and in his own household.
High Priest	Hebrews 6:20	where Jesus has entered as a forerunner for us, having become a high priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek.
High Priest	Hebrews 2:17	Therefore, He had to be made like His brethren in all things, so that He might become a merciful and faithful high priest in things pertaining to God, to make propitiation for the sins of the people.
King	John 12:15	Fear not, daughter of Zion; behold, your King is coming, seated on a donkey s colt.
King of Kings	1 Timothy 6:15	which He will bring about at the proper time He who is the blessed and only Sovereign, the King of kings and Lord of lords,
King of Kings	Revelation 17:14	These will wage war against the Lamb, and the Lamb will overcome them, because He is Lord of lords and King of kings, and those who are with Him are the called and chosen and faithful.
God	John 10:30	The Father and I are one.
God	Philippians 2:5-6	⁵Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus, ⁶who, being in the form of God, did not consider it robbery to be equal with God,
God	John 1:18	No one has seen God at any time. The only begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, He has declared Him.
God	Colossians 2:9-10	⁹For in Him dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily; ¹⁰and you are complete in Him, who is the head of all principality and power.

God is three personas: The Father, The Son and The Holy Spirit who has many names in the Old Testament and even the New Testament that describe the majesty, power, knowledge, great love and so much more.

Did Peter Temporarily Lose Discipleship?

After Jesus Christ and the Disciples has finished eating the Last Supper, the remaining eleven Disciples, Judas has left their company on a mission of betrayal, then Jesus Christ and the eleven went to the Mount of Olives. In Matthew 26:33-35, Peter speaks about never denying Jesus Christ, but Jesus Christ tells Peter that "before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times". Later, Peter did deny Jesus Christ three times and Peter did lose his Discipleship, which is then regained later.

Matthew 26:34-35

33 And he said to them, "Do not be amazed; you are looking for Jesus the Nazarene, who has been crucified. He has risen; He is not here; behold, here is the place where they laid Him. 34 Jesus said to him, "Truly I say to you that this very night, before a rooster crows, you will deny Me three times." 35 Peter said to Him, "Even if I have to die with You, I will not deny You." All the disciples said the same thing too.

After the resurrection, Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James and Salome were at the tomb. The different accounts from the different Gospels state that they are told to tell the good news to the Disciples and Peter. Biblical Scholars point out that Peter is singled out as not part of the remaining Disciples which from the subject and grammar indicates that he is not part of the remaining disciples, which is confirmed in the scriptures such as John 21:15-19.

John 21:15-19

15 When they had finished eating, Jesus said to Simon Peter, Simon son of John, do you love me more than these? Yes, Lord, he said, you know that I love you. Jesus said, Feed my lambs. 16 Again Jesus said, Simon son of John, do you love me? He answered, Yes, Lord, you know that I love you. Jesus said, Take care of my sheep. 17 The third time he said to him, Simon son of John, do you love me? Peter was hurt because Jesus asked him the third time, Do you love me? He said, Lord, you know all things; you know that I love you. Jesus said, Feed my sheep. 18 Very truly I tell you, when you were younger you dressed yourself and went where you wanted; but when you are old you will stretch out your hands, and someone else will dress you and lead you where you do not want to go. 19 Jesus said this to indicate the kind of death by which Peter would glorify God. Then he said to him, Follow me!

Mark 16:6-7

6 And he said to them, "Do not be amazed; you are looking for Jesus the Nazarene, who has been crucified. He has risen; He is not here; behold, here is the place where they laid Him. 7 "But go, tell His disciples and Peter, 'He is going ahead of you to Galilee; there you will see Him, just as He told you.'"

After Jesus Christ's resurrection, He had several appearances where one of them was on the Sea of Galilee. Note that Sea of Galilee, is a figure of speech, as the Sea is really a very large lake. In John chapter 21 there is the event when Jesus Christ has breakfast with the fish caught in the Sea of Galilee, which is the third time Jesus Christ appears to disciples and Peter.

During breakfast Jesus Christ asks Peter three times "Simon, son of John, do you love Me?", where Peter replies each time "You know that I love you". In John 21:19, Jesus Christ confirms Peter's reinstatement, "Follow Me!", followed by a dialogue with Peter concerning intimate topics that the scripture states "I suppose that even the world itself would not contain the books that would be written", in verse John 21:25.

John 21:19	Now this He said, signifying by what kind of death he would glorify God. And when He had spoken this, He said to him, "Follow Me!"
John 21:25	And there are also many other things which Jesus did, the which if they should be written every one, I suppose that even the world itself would not contain the books that should be written.

The Apostles

After the ascension of Jesus Christ in Ephesians 4:7-16, then the Disciples became Apostles, and waited on the next event called Pentecost. As discussed above in this Topic, Matthias became the twelfth Apostle and then Paul. These are the Apostles from the scriptures:

	Apostles	Notes
1	Simon Peter (Caephas)	Brother of the Apostle Andrew
2	Andrew	Brother of the Apostle Peter
3	James, son of Zebedee	Brother of John. Cousin to Jesus Christ as mother was sister to Mary. Aramaic name of Jacob.
4	John	Brother of James, son of Zebedee. Cousin to Jesus Christ as mother was sister to Mary.
5	Philip
6	Bartholomew
7	Thomas
8	Matthew / Levi
9	James, son of Alphaeus	Also referred to as his Aramaic name of Jacob
10	Thaddaeus / Jude	Also known by Aramaic name of Judas or Jude. Thaddaeus is Judas equivalent in Aramaic.
11	Simon the Zealot
12	Matthias
13	Paul

Not an Apostle, but requires some notes.

	Identification	Notes
14	James the Epistle Writer	Most likely Jesus Christ's brother. Considered co-leader with Apostles Peter and John in Jerusalem.

The following information is a brief summary of the Apostles, and is not about giving details of any books written:

1. Simon Peter (Cephas)

Simon Peter is also known as Cephas in the scriptures, and is often mentioned as the most outspoken of the thirteen Apostles. His prior life as a fisherman has the connotation of a man who was use to hard labor, long hours and perhaps a mannerism that were crude and unruly. The transformation of Peter after the day of Pentecost is very evident based on the change of how he speaks in the scriptures.

In the Greek, the name Peter, means rock or stone. In the Aramaic language, which is what the common tongue was in the area, the name Cephas means rock or stone also.
He was married according to (Matthew 8:14; Mark 1:30 and Luke 4:38.
Was in the fishing business with James and John.
Along with the Disciples James and John, are often called the three men of the "inner circle" of all the Disciples.
Wrote two Epistles.
Was married. See Mark 1:30-31
Walked on water. See Matthew 14:28-33.
Addressed the crowd at Pentecost. See Acts 2:14-41.
God spoke to Peter in a vision to inform him and the other Apostles to start preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles. See Acts 10:9-48.
The Roman Catholic tradition has designated him as the first Pope based Matthew 16:17-19. This is incorrect based on a misunderstanding of Matthew 16:19 which are:
1.    The mission of Jesus Christ, with the Church, will accomplish the mission that Jesus Christ set.
2.    Peter was given a gift of binding evil on Earth where the binding will be agreed upon by God in Heaven.
3.    Peter could lesson the penalty of Earthly sin that would loosen the loss of Rewards in Heaven.
4.    Jesus Christ did NOT say that the gift given to Peter could be assumed by anyone else after Peter had died.
The Roman Catholic Church has created a traditions of "ex cathedra" which means the Pope is infallible in matters of interpreting scriptures and any matter for Christian faith, living and what is sin. This is easily proven wrong and for more information see the topic on Pope, fact of fiction.
According to tradition:
(a) was crucified upside down in 64 AD by Emperor Nero. Furthermore, Peter requested to be crucified upside down stating that he was not worthy to be crucified in the same manner as Jesus Christ; OR martyred between 67 to 68 AD in Jerusalem.
(b) Note that Tradition is never to be relied upon or trusted, but it is possible.
(c) In John 21:15-22, Jesus Christ is speaking with Peter, and the subject of Peter's end is discussed, where there is no definitive answer, which some Biblical Scholars point to this implying that Peter would suffer and be martyred.

Some notable scriptural passages of many:

John 1:42	He brought him to Jesus. Jesus looked at him and said, You are Simon the son of John. You shall be called Cephas (which means Peter).
1 Corinthians 9:5	Do we not have the right to take along a believing wife, as do the other apostles and the brothers of the Lord and Cephas?
Galatians 2:9	and when James and Cephas and John, who seemed to be pillars, perceived the grace that was given to me, they gave the right hand of fellowship to Barnabas and me, that we should go to the Gentiles and they to the circumcised.
Matthew 16:17-19	17 Jesus replied, Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by flesh and blood, but by my Father in heaven. 18 And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it. 19 I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.
John 21:15-19	15 When they had finished breakfast, Jesus said to Simon Peter, Simon, son of John, do you love me more than these? He said to him, Yes, Lord; you know that I love you. He said to him, Feed my lambs. 16 He saith to him again a second time, Simon, son of John, lovest thou me? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Tend my sheep. 17 He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of John, lovest thou me? Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me? And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep. 18 Truly, truly, I say to you, when you were young, you used to dress yourself and walk wherever you wanted, but when you are old, you will stretch out your hands, and another will dress you and carry you where you do not want to go. 19 (This he said to show by what kind of death he was to glorify God.) And after saying this he said to him, Follow me.
Mark 1:30-31	30 Now Simon s wife s mother lay sick of a fever; and straightway they tell him of her: 31 and he came and took her by the hand, and raised her up; and the fever left her, and she ministered unto them.

7.2 Andrew

Most notably, Andrew was first a follower of John the Baptist, and then followed Jesus after John the Baptist called Jesus the "Lamb of God", where he became a full-time Disciple after Jesus spoke to him when he was fishing with his brother Peter.

He told his brother Peter (future Apostle) that Jesus Christ was the Messiah based on what John the Baptist had told him. This is an important point as Andrew, going on what John the Baptist said, believed right away in Jesus Christ as the Messiah. See John 1:40-42.
At Capernaum, witnessed Jesus Christ preach at the Synagogue. After preaching Simon Peter and Andrew with James and John went to Peter's house, Mark 1:29. Jesus healed Peter's wife's mother.
Named as part of the twelve in Mark 3:18, which would travel with Jesus Christ, and would have authority to cast out demons.
Was with Peter, James and John when asking Jesus Christ privately on when the Jerusalem Temple would be torn down in Mark 13:1-4.
Brought the boy who had the two fish and barley loaves to Jesus Christ, which fed around 5,000 people in John 6.8-14.
After being informed by the Apostle Philip about some Greeks that came to worship later for the Passover, both Philip and Andrew brought them to speak with Jesus Christ in John 12:20-23.
Is noted as
According to tradition was crucified on cross that was shaped as an "X".
(a) Note that tradition is never to be relied upon or trusted. When concerning the Apostles, with the exception of the Apostle John, they all most likely suffered throughout their Apostleship to hostility from those opposing the Gospel, which inevitably probably did cost them their lives, but not necessarily as hand-me-down traditions.
(b) The sanctuary verse is Matthew 23:37, which speaks about the history of Israel killing and stoning the prophets. This is probably the same ending for the Apostles, who are equivalent to Prophets in a New Testament Idiom.

John 1:35-36 John the Baptist speaking	35 Again on the morrow John was standing, and two of his disciples; 36 and he looked upon Jesus as he walked, and saith, Behold, the Lamb of God! 37 And the two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus.
Matthew 4:18 Mark 1:16	And walking by the sea of Galilee, he saw two brethren, Simon who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea; for they were fishers.
Mark 1:29	And straightway, when they were come out of the synagogue, they came into the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John.
Mark 3:18-19	¹⁸and Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Cananaean, ¹⁹and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him.
John 1:40-41	40 One of the two that heard John speak, and followed him, was Andrew, Simon Peter s brother. 41 He findeth first his own brother Simon, and saith unto him, We have found the Messiah (which is, being interpreted, Christ).
Mark 13:1-4	1 And as he went forth out of the temple, one of his disciples saith unto him, Teacher, behold, what manner of stones and what manner of buildings! 2 And Jesus said unto him, Seest thou these great buildings? there shall not be left here one stone upon another, which shall not be thrown down. 3 And as he sat on the mount of Olives over against the temple, Peter and James and John and Andrew asked him privately, 4 Tell us, when shall these things be? and what shall be the sign when these things are all about to be accomplished?
John 6:8-14 Feeding miracle of the 5,000.	8 One of his disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter s brother, saith unto him, 9 There is a lad here, who hath five barley loaves, and two fishes: but what are these among so many? 10 Jesus said, Make the people sit down. Now there was much grass in the place. So the men sat down, in number about five thousand. 11 Jesus therefore took the loaves; and having given thanks, he distributed to them that were set down; likewise also of the fishes as much as they would. 12 And when they were filled, he saith unto his disciples, Gather up the broken pieces which remain over, that nothing be lost. 13 So they gathered them up, and filled twelve baskets with broken pieces from the five barley loaves, which remained over unto them that had eaten. 14 When therefore the people saw the sign which he did, they said, This is of a truth the prophet that cometh into the world.
John 12:20-23	20 Now there were certain Greeks among those that went up to worship at the feast: 21 these therefore came to Philip, who was of Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, Sir, we would see Jesus. 22 Philip cometh and telleth Andrew: Andrew cometh, and Philip, and they tell Jesus. 23 And Jesus answereth them, saying, The hour is come, that the Son of man should be glorified.

7.3 James, son of Zebedee

James, son of Zebedee, is the brother of the Apostle John. Considered to be in the "inner circle" of Jesus Christ, which does not mean Jesus Christ did not love the other Apostles. Both James and his brother John had a type of surname or nickname of "Boanerges", which had the meaning of "sons of thunder". Appearances in the scriptures:

Cousin to Jesus Christ as his mother, Salome, was sister to Mary.
Resurrection of the daughter of Jarius in Mark 5:32-42 and Luke 8:41
At the Transfiguration of Jesus Christ in Matthew 17:1-3
Witnessed the agony of Jesus Christ at Gethsemane in Matthew 26:36 and mark 14:32
Died by the hand of King Herod in Acts 12:1-2
Also referred to as his Aramaic name of Jacob

Mark 5:35-42	35 While he yet spake, they come from the ruler of the synagogue s house, saying, Thy daughter is dead: why troublest thou the Teacher any further? 36 But Jesus, not heeding the word spoken, saith unto the ruler of the synagogue, Fear not, only believe. 37 And he suffered no man to follow with him, save Peter, and James, and John the brother of James. 38 And they come to the house of the ruler of the synagogue; and he beholdeth a tumult, and many weeping and wailing greatly. 39 And when he was entered in, he saith unto them, Why make ye a tumult, and weep? the child is not dead, but sleepeth. 40 And they laughed him to scorn. But he, having put them all forth, taketh the father of the child and her mother and them that were with him, and goeth in where the child was. 41 And taking the child by the hand, he saith unto her, Talitha cumi; which is, being interpreted, Damsel, I say unto thee, Arise. 42 And straightway the damsel rose up, and walked; for she was twelve years old. And they were amazed straightway with a great amazement.
Matthew 17:1-3	1 And after six days Jesus taketh with him Peter, and James, and John his brother, and bringeth them up into a high mountain apart: 2 and he was transfigured before them; and his face did shine as the sun, and his garments became white as the light. 3 And behold, there appeared unto them Moses and Elijah talking with him.
Acts 12:1-2	1 Now about that time Herod the king put forth his hands to afflict certain of the church. 2 And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.

7.4 John

John is one of the most honored and privileged by Jesus Christ, but that does not mean Jesus Christ did not love the other Apostles. Recall that Jesus Christ asked Peter three times if Peter loved Him, which also means the reciprocal. A few Biblical Scholars note that the favoring of John dealt with privilege earned.

Brother of James, son of Zebedee
Cousin to Jesus Christ as his mother, Salome, was sister to Mary.
Tradition is John was possibly the unnamed disciple of John the Baptist in John 1:35-36. Scripture shown above.
Both James and his brother John had a type of surname of Boanerges, which had the meaning of "sons of thunder".
The Transfiguration of Jesus Christ in Matthew 17:1-3. Scripture shown above.
Witnessed the agony of Jesus Christ at Gethsemane in Matthew 26:36 and mark 14:32. Scripture shown above.
Wrote five books of the New Testament.
(a) John
(b) First John
(c) Second John
(d) Third John
(e) Revelation
Lived in Ephesus and thought to have died in Ephesus.
Was not martyred. A tradition states that he was boiled in a vat of oil, but was not harmed. This makes no sense to this author for many reasons where chiefly the value of oil would not have been used for an execution.

Matthew 27:56

among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.

7.5 Philip

Not much is known about Philip, but like other Apostles, there are many traditions. Traditions cannot be trusted.

Was born and came from the city of Bethasaida, just like the two brothers: Andrew and Peter, see John 1:44.
May have been one of the two unnamed disciples of John the Baptist because of John 1:35-37, where 1:40, we know one was the future Apostle Andrew.
Jesus Christ directed a comment question to Philip in the feeding incident of the 5,000.
Was not martyred. A tradition states his tomb was found in ancient Hierapolis.
There is sometimes confusion between the Apostle Philip and another Philip a deacon, or evangelist, like Stephen of Acts 6:5 and Acts 21:8-9.
A tradition started by Clement of Alexandria that Philip was the person asking about burying his father in Luke 9:60. As always, this author does not hold much credibility in tradition, but mention it in case the reader runs across this claim.
Brought the Apostle Nathanael to Jesus Christ

John 1:44	Now Philip was from Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter.
John 6:5-7	5 Jesus therefore lifting up his eyes, and seeing that a great multitude cometh unto him, saith unto Philip, Whence are we to buy bread, that these may eat? 6 And this he said to prove him: for he himself knew what he would do. 7 Philip answered him, Two hundred shillings worth of bread is not sufficient for them, that every one may take a little.
John 12:20-23	20 Now there were certain Greeks among those that went up to worship at the feast: 21 these therefore came to Philip, who was of Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, Sir, we would see Jesus. 22 Philip cometh and telleth Andrew: Andrew cometh, and Philip, and they tell Jesus. 23 And Jesus answereth them, saying, The hour is come, that the Son of man should be glorified.
John 14:5-10	5 Thomas saith unto him, Lord, we know not whither thou goest; how know we the way? 6 Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, and the truth, and the life: no one cometh unto the Father, but by me. 7 If ye had known me, ye would have known my Father also: from henceforth ye know him, and have seen him. 8 Philip saith unto him, Lord, show us the Father, and it sufficeth us. 9 Jesus saith unto him, Have I been so long time with you, and dost thou not know me, Philip? he that hath seen me hath seen the Father; how sayest thou, Show us the Father? 10 Believest thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father in me? the words that I say unto you I speak not from myself: but the Father abiding in me doeth his works.

7.6 Bartholomew, or Most Likely Nathanael

Not much is known about Bartholomew, who most likely is Nathanael, where he is only in the lists of the other Apostles: Matthew 10:2 4, Mark 3:16 19, Luke 6:14 16, Acts 1:1 13.

His name might be Talmai in the Aramaic Language.
Some Biblical Scholars believe Bartholomew is also Nathanael in John 1:43-51 reference scripture.
The tradition of Bartholomew's death was by either decapitation or being skinned alive.

John 1:43-51

43 On the morrow he was minded to go forth into Galilee, and he findeth Philip: and Jesus saith unto him, Follow me. 44 Now Philip was from Bethsaida, of the city of Andrew and Peter. 45 Philip findeth Nathanael, and saith unto him, We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, wrote, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph. 46 And Nathanael said unto him, Can any good thing come out of Nazareth? Philip saith unto him, Come and see. 47 Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and saith of him, Behold, an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile! 48 Nathanael saith unto him, Whence knowest thou me? Jesus answered and said unto him, Before Philip called thee, when thou wast under the fig tree, I saw thee. 49 Nathanael answered him, Rabbi, thou art the Son of God; thou art King of Israel. 50 Jesus answered and said unto him, Because I said unto thee, I saw thee underneath the fig tree, believest thou? thou shalt see greater things than these. 51 And he saith unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Ye shall see the heaven opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of man.

7.7 Thomas

The Apostle Thomas has the infamous reputation of someone who always needs proof, which is because of the event in John 20:24-25, where he wanted proof of Jesus Christ's resurrection. He is often called "Doubting Thomas".

Asked Jesus Christ the way to go because he was concerned if Jesus Christ was leaving, where they should go. Jesus Christ explained that there were many mansions earlier in John 14 and gave answer to Thomas's question in John 14:5-7.
Also known as Didymus because he was a twin, was not present when Jesus Christ made his first appearance to the Apostles that were locked in a room because of fear from the Jews as read in John 20:19-23. When Thomas heard of the visit from Jesus Christ, the famous statement of Thomas was spoken in John 20:24-25
Jesus Christ came and visited again after 8 days, where he spoke directly to Thomas in John 20:26-29.
The tradition of Thomas's death was from a spear while on a mission in India.

John 14:5-7	5 Thomas saith unto him, Lord, we know not whither thou goest; how know we the way? 6 Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, and the truth, and the life: no one cometh unto the Father, but by me. 7 If ye had known me, ye would have known my Father also: from henceforth ye know him, and have seen him.
John 20:24-25	24 But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came. 25 The other disciples therefore said unto him, We have seen the Lord. But he said unto them, Except I shall see in his hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe.
John 20:26-29	26 And after eight days again his disciples were within, and Thomas with them. Jesus cometh, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said, Peace be unto you. 27 Then saith he to Thomas, Reach hither thy finger, and see my hands; and reach hither thy hand, and put it into my side: and be not faithless, but believing. 28 Thomas answered and said unto him, My Lord and my God. 29 Jesus saith unto him, Because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed: blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed.

7.8 Matthew

The Book of Matthew is attributed to the Apostle Matthew. The only thing known about Matthew is he was a Tax Collector, which is also known as a Publican. The Tax Collectors of that day made their income by collecting an amount over the taxes due. Some historians state that any disputes could be brought up to the magistrate, but this was difficult with little chance of rectifying anything.

His name is mentioned in the scriptures Matthew 10:1-3, Mark 3:14-19, Luke 6:13-16, and Acts 1:13.
He also goes by the name of Levi.
His father was Alphaeus.
As a Tax Collector or Publican, he was despised by most of the people of Israel.
The Gospel of Matthew has the name of Matthew, but in Mark and Luke's Gospel the name of Levi is used.
Some Biblical Commentaries state that Matthew is known as one of the four Evangelists, with Mark, Luke and John. This author would also add the Apostle Paul.

Matthew 9:9	9 And as Jesus passed by from thence, he saw a man, called Matthew, sitting at the place of toll: and he saith unto him, Follow me. And he arose, and followed him. 10 And it came to pass, as he sat at meat in the house, behold, many publicans and sinners came and sat down with Jesus and his disciples. 11 And when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto his disciples, Why eateth your Teacher with the publicans and sinners? 12 But when he heard it, he said, They that are whole have no need of a physician, but they that are sick. 13 But go ye and learn what this meaneth, I desire mercy, and not sacrifice: for I came not to call the righteous, but sinners.
Mark 2:14	And as he passed by, he saw Levi the son of Alphaeus sitting at the place of toll, and he saith unto him, Follow me. And he arose and followed him.
Luke 5:27-28	²⁷And after these things he went forth, and beheld a publican, named Levi, sitting at the place of toll, and said unto him, Follow me. ²⁸And he forsook all, and rose up and followed him.

7.9 James, son of Alphaeus

Some points on James, son of Alphhaeus.

Not much is known about James other than his name is mentioned in the scriptures Matthew 10:1-3, Mark 3:14-19, Luke 6:13-16, and Acts 1:13.
Sometimes referred to as "James the Less" because of physical height was less the James, the son of Zebedee.
His mother is Mary, who is one of the women who visited the Tomb of Jesus Christ.
His father is Joses.
Has a brother named Salome.
Also referred to as his Aramaic name of Jacob

Matthew 27:56	among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
Mark 15:40	And there were also women beholding from afar: among whom were both Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the little of Joses, and Salome;
Mark 16:1	And when the Sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome, bought spices, that they might come and anoint him.
Luke 24:10	Now they were Mary Magdalene, and Joanna, and Mary the mother of James: and the other women with them told these things unto the apostles.

7.10 Thaddaeus / Jude / Judas

There unfortunately is some confusion on the name and relation of Thaddeus.

Most likely known by both his Aramaic names of Judas or Jude.
Also known by his Greek name of Thaddeus.
Like the Apostle Peter, who was also known by Simon Peter along with Caephas, Thaddeus was known by several names
He is most likely the writer of the Book of Jude.
Was probably the son of either:
(a) James, son of Zebedee, or
(b) James, son of Alphaeus.
In the different Gospel, Mark refers to Jude as Thaddaeus. This author believes, with an affirmative smile, that this shows how the Holy Spirit influences the writers to use different vantage points and names to verify authenticity.
Some Commentaries on the Scriptures state that there is the possibility that the Apostles preferred calling Jude by his Greek equivalent name because of the stigma of the name Judas Iscariot.
Some Biblical Scholars state that there is a possibility that the writer of the Book of Jude is the brother of Jesus Christ, and is not to be confused with the Apostle Jude.
A possibility that Thaddaeus preached in Mesopotamia with Simon the Zealot.
The tradition of Thaddaeus's death was he was killed in Syria. This comes from a very contested book of reliability named "Acts of Simon and Jude".

Luke 6:13-16	13 And when it was day, he called his disciples; and he chose from them twelve, whom also he named apostles: 14 Simon, whom he also named Peter, and Andrew his brother, and James and John, and Philip and Bartholomew, 15 and Matthew and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon who was called the Zealot, 16 and Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot, who became a traitor;
Acts 1:13	And when they were come in, they went up into the upper chamber, where they were abiding; both Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James.
Mark 3:16-19	16 and Simon he surnamed Peter; 17 and James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James; and them he surnamed Boanerges, which is, Sons of thunder: 18 and Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Cananaean, 19 and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him.
Matthew 10:2-4	2 Now the names of the twelve apostles are these: The first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; 3 Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; 4 Simon the Cananaean, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him.

7.11. Simon the Zealot

There is really no information about Simon the Zealot. His name is mentioned as an Apostle with the others, but that is all that is known. The phrase "the Zealot" also has no definitive known meaning.

7.12 Matthias

He was selected by the remaining Apostles after Pentecost. Part of the criteria of his selection was he had to have known and witnessed the resurrection of Jesus Christ, and that the Holy Spirit would guide the selection done by pulling of lots.

Acts 1:21-26

7.13 Paul, previously known as Saul

Paul is often attributed to being the most intellectual and gifted teacher, that wrote of course by inspiration of the Holy Spirit, of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Indeed, volumes of written documentation can be written about Paul, who proved and gave us all so many treasures of revealed information about the life and rewards that all Christians should be obtaining. This author cannot do justice to describe the Apostle Paul's profound effect on readers of the scriptures.

Before Paul's conversion, Paul was known as Saul of Tarsus, a Pharisee in Jerusalem.
Saul was present and possibly presided over the stoning martyrdom of Stephen in Acts 8:1
Saul was converted to Christianity by Jesus Christ on a Damascus Road, where Jesus Christ spoke to him personally. See Acts 9:1-9 and Acts 22:6-21, shown below.
Most Biblical Commentaries, state that Paul is the author of 13 books of the New Testament, where there is one contested Book omitted.
Many Biblical Scholars, and his author, believe that Paul wrote the Book of Hebrews.
(a) The Book's author purposely left his name of authorship off, according to some Biblical Scholars because it would have jeopardized the potential reader from taking the time to read it.
(b) There are some theories the Book of Hebrews was written by Apollos from Alexandria or Priscilla, wife of Aquila.
(c) Is it important to know that Paul wrote the Book of Hebrews? No. But the Biblical Scholars proofs of Paul's authorship is very enlightening that actually should increase everyone Faith.

Acts 8:1	1 And Saul was consenting unto his death. And there arose on that day a great persecution against the church which was in Jerusalem; and they were all scattered abroad throughout the regions of Judaea and Samaria, except the apostles.
Acts 9:1-9	1 But Saul, yet breathing threatening and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord, went unto the high priest, ²and asked of him letters to Damascus unto the synagogues, that if he found any that were of the Way, whether men or women, he might bring them bound to Jerusalem. ³And as he journeyed, it came to pass that he drew nigh unto Damascus: and suddenly there shone round about him a light out of heaven: ⁴and he fell upon the earth, and heard a voice saying unto him, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me? ⁵And he said, Who art thou, Lord? And he said, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest: ⁶but rise, and enter into the city, and it shall be told thee what thou must do. ⁷And the men that journeyed with him stood speechless, hearing the voice, but beholding no man. ⁸And Saul arose from the earth; and when his eyes were opened, he saw nothing; and they led him by the hand, and brought him into Damascus. ⁹And he was three days without sight, and did neither eat nor drink.
Acts 22:6-21	6 And it came to pass, that, as I made my journey, and drew nigh unto Damascus, about noon, suddenly there shone from heaven a great light round about me. ⁷And I fell unto the ground, and heard a voice saying unto me, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me? ⁸And I answered, Who art thou, Lord? And he said unto me, I am Jesus of Nazareth, whom thou persecutest. ⁹And they that were with me beheld indeed the light, but they heard not the voice of him that spake to me. ¹⁰And I said, What shall I do, Lord? And the Lord said unto me, Arise, and go into Damascus; and there it shall be told thee of all things which are appointed for thee to do. ¹¹And when I could not see for the glory of that light, being led by the hand of them that were with me I came into Damascus. ¹²And one Ananias, a devout man according to the law, well reported of by all the Jews that dwelt there, ¹³came unto me, and standing by me said unto me, Brother Saul, receive thy sight. And in that very hour I looked up on him. ¹⁴And he said, The God of our fathers hath appointed thee to know his will, and to see the Righteous One, and to hear a voice from his mouth. ¹⁵For thou shalt be a witness for him unto all men of what thou hast seen and heard. ¹⁶And now why tarriest thou? arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, calling on his name. ¹⁷And it came to pass, that, when I had returned to Jerusalem, and while I prayed in the temple, I fell into a trance, ¹⁸and saw him saying unto me, Make haste, and get thee quickly out of Jerusalem; because they will not receive of thee testimony concerning me. ¹⁹And I said, Lord, they themselves know that I imprisoned and beat in every synagogue them that believed on thee: ²⁰and when the blood of Stephen thy witness was shed, I also was standing by, and consenting, and keeping the garments of them that slew him. ²¹And he said unto me, Depart: for I will send thee forth far hence unto the Gentiles.

7.14 James the Epistle Writer (Not an Apostle)

The Book of the New Testament "The Epistle of James" is attributed to the brother of Jesus Christ. While he is not an Apostle, he should be mentioned because of the following:

One of Jesus Christ's brothers who had a very important role as writer of one of the Epistles.
Recognized as a co-leader of the Church at Jerusalem with the Apostle Peter (Cephas) and Apostle John. See Galatians 2:9
Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, had other children.
Before the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ, James did not believe that his brother was the Messiah. See John 7:5
After the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ, James did believe that his brother was the Messiah. See 1 Corinthians 15:7
Assumed to be martyred, in 62 AD. because of James 5:6, and because of the writings of Josephus in "Antiquities of Jews", along with two writers of the times, named Hegesippus in Book 5 and Clement of Alexandria in the book Hypotyposes.
(a) Execution was by stoning by the head priest appointed by Herod Agrippa II.
(b) This according to Biblical Scholars is because of the animosity toward the Christian Gospel for the time which was the same for the Christian Stephen in Acts 7:29.
(c) See this excellent link for more details.

John 7:5	For even His brethren did not believe on him. (These are Jesus Christ's brother and sisters.)
1 Corinthians 15:7	then he appeared to James; then to all the apostles;
Galatians 1:18-19	18 Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to become acquainted with Cephas, and tarried with him fifteen days. 19 But other of the apostles saw I none, except James the Lord s brother.
Galatians 2:9	and when they perceived the grace that was given unto me, James and Cephas and John, they who were reputed to be pillars, gave to me and Barnabas the right hands of fellowship, that we should go unto the Gentiles, and they unto the circumcision;
Acts 15:12-14	12 And all the multitude kept silence; and they hearkened unto Barnabas and Paul rehearsing what signs and wonders God had wrought among the Gentiles through them. 13 And after they had held their peace, James answered, saying, Brethren, hearken unto me: 14 Symeon hath rehearsed how first God visited the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name.
Acts 21:17-19	17 And when we were come to Jerusalem, the brethren received us gladly. 18 And the day following Paul went in with us unto James; and all the elders were present. 19 And when he had saluted them, he rehearsed one by one the things which God had wrought among the Gentiles through his ministry.
James 5:6	Ye have condemned, ye have killed the righteous one; he doth not resist you.

Steven (or Stephen) the Disciple, often thought of an Apostle

Steven, or Stephen, is one of this author's and many Christians' favorite Disciples. Steven was not an Apostle. Steven was selected by the Apostles in the Book of Acts and had a very powerful message for the nation of Israel.

While the Church of Jesus Christ was growing rapidly there was many people in Israel that were rejecting Jesus Christ as their Messiah. Those who were rejecting the message given by Steven, even though they could not find any fault, spread lies against Steven that had Steven taken to the Sanhedrin to testify if Steven was doing wrong.

While Steven was speaking to the Sanhedrin, in this mock trial, the history of Israel's failures was spoken about to give a conclusion that the Sanhedrin did not like to hear. In Israel's history, Israel had many occasions where there was a failure to listen and follow the directions that God had intended. Eventually Israel makes the correct decision, but before Steven could give the conclusion, the Sanhedrin became furious with Steven and had him stoned to death.

Steven's message to the Sanhedrin is important for us all and for Israel. Israel, as a nation, will eventually recognize their Messiah Jesus Christ in the Tribulation Period which is part of the Tribulation Purpose.

Additionally, there is a unique detail that Steven gave to the Sanhedrin that is not found in the scriptural history of Abram, before he became Abraham. Notice in the Genesis 12 verses, there is no mention of Abram waiting for his father to die before doing as God instructed. While this is a minor point in a remarkable life of Abram, who becomes Abraham, there is still the knowledge of Abram waiting on what God has instructed.

Genesis 12:1	The LORD had said to Abram, "Leave your country, your people and your father's household and go to the land I will show you.
Genesis 12:4	So Abram left, as the LORD had told him; and Lot went with him. Abram was seventy-five years old when he set out from Haran.
Acts 7:4	Then came he out of the land of the Chaldaeans, and dwelt in Haran: and from thence, when his father was dead, God removed him into this land, wherein ye now dwell:

For more information on Steven, see the topic Steven, a Disciple chosen by the Apostles.

Apostles Will Judge

There are two major judgments spoken about in the scriptures, where many Biblical Scholars believe there are a few other judgments. At the Judgment Seat of Christ, the judgment will be done by Jesus Christ. At the Great White Throne of Judgment, the judgment will be done by Jesus Christ over all, but humans will have a judgment part over the Fallen Angels and Demons.

In Matthew 19:28, Jesus Christ speaks about the Apostles being future judges. Many Biblical Scholars believe this will be a function of their duty during the 1,000 Year Millennial Kingdom.

The additional reasonable theory by Biblical Scholars is the Apostle future duties will be sort of a lower court of magistrate like something which Moses set up by Jethro's advise in Exodus 18. This is not to imply that Jesus Christ can not judge, but is meaning that all of us will have duties in Jesus Christ's Kingdom.

Matthew 19:28	And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, that ye who have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit on the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
John 5:22	For neither doth the Father judge any man, but he hath given all judgment unto the Son;
Exodus 18:18-22	18 Thou wilt surely wear away, both thou, and this people that is with thee: for the thing is too heavy for thee; thou art not able to perform it thyself alone. 19 Hearken now unto my voice, I will give thee counsel, and God be with thee: be thou for the people to God-ward, and bring thou the causes unto God: 20 and thou shalt teach them the statutes and the laws, and shalt show them the way wherein they must walk, and the work that they must do. 21 Moreover thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating unjust gain; and place such over them, to be rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens: 22 and let them judge the people at all seasons: and it shall be, that every great matter they shall bring unto thee, but every small matter they shall judge themselves: so shall it be easier for thyself, and they shall bear the burden with thee.

Twelve Gates in the New Jerusalem

There is a beautiful description, in the Book of Revelation, concerning the twelve gates. Some Biblical Scholars believe the potentiality that the Apostles will possibly have some responsibility at the Gates of the New Jerusalem where they will be a type of alderman at the Gate who represents the Glory of God.

Some points concerning the Gates:

Twelve Angels will be at the Gates.
Names on the Gates which are the Twelve Tribes of Israel. Biblical Scholars believe Manasseh and Ephraim will be under Daniel.
Each Gate will have a Pearl. The Church is known as the Pearl of Great Price. Matthew 13:45-46 describes the Kingdom of Heaven is like a merchant purchasing pearls. Pearls were not Kosher to Jews, which there-in points to a deeper meaning. Pearls is the only jewel that is created by being an irritation to the host clam. The symbolism is Jesus Christ suffered the Cross at a great price for the Salvation of those who would accept it.

Revelation 21:12-14	12 having a wall great and high; having twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels; and names written thereon, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel: 13 on the east were three gates; and on the north three gates; and on the south three gates; and on the west three gates. 14 And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.
Revelation 21:21-25	21 And the twelve gates were twelve pearls; each one of the several gates was of one pearl: and the street of the city was pure gold, as it were transparent glass. 22 And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God the Almighty, and the Lamb, are the temple thereof. 23 And the city hath no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine upon it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the lamp thereof is the Lamb. 24 And the nations shall walk amidst the light thereof: and the kings of the earth bring their glory into it. 25 And the gates thereof shall in no wise be shut by day (for there shall be no night there):
Matthew 13:45-46	45 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant looking for fine pearls. ⁴⁶When he found one of great value, he went away and sold everything he had and bought it.

What to read next?

The Crucifixion Psalm, Abraham's Location with Isaac, Risen - 4 Gospels and is there a discrepancy on Easter? and Noah's Ark rests the day before Christ's Resurrection. What is Salvation? Is it is possible to lose Salvation? We have eternal life. Evolution is not real. When a Christian suffers is there benefits from it. Rewards in heaven. Do we Tithe? What does the 3rd Commandment tell us? What is Grace and Mercy? Is there an Age of Accountability? Is there a place of unending punishment and exile form God?